单性花同株植物麻疯树性比的大小依赖性

The Size-dependent Sex Ratio in Jatropha curcas,a Monoecious Biodisiel Plant

性比变异的大小依赖性做了一些研究,还没有涉及到性比变异的植物发育生活史全过程的大小依赖性研究。本文在突出个体发育的生活史全阶段与研究层次,调查研究了单性花同株植物麻疯树性比波动的大小依赖性。在器官水平上,雌花尺寸相对较大,花柄相对较大,性比与雌花重量、数量显著相关。在构件水平上,雌花数量、性比与构件大小存在显著相关性,并且没有样地差异;雌花数量和性比与构件直径、长度大小依赖性明显,但随着直径增加而持续增加,而随着长度增加却存在下降趋势(符合抛物线模型)。在个体水平上,雌花数量、性比与地径、年龄呈现明显的曲线关系,符合开口向下的抛物线模型,呈现幼树和老树较低而成树较高的规律,生活史阶段特异性明显。单位枝长的性比与性比变异性规律相反,随着地径和年龄呈现直线增加趋势。结果表明,单性花同株植物麻疯树雌花数量和性比存在明显的大小依赖性,雌性适合度具有明显的生活史阶段性特点。在生产上,依据性比形成的器官、构件和个体等级上的特点,需要进行以促进构件分支能力为核心的经营性活动,来保持较高的雌花分化能力。

Some researches were done on the size dependency of sex ratio variety,but the whole life-history process and module layer of sex ratio with a size dependency were not involved in actual reports.In this paper,studies were made of the size dependency of the sex ratio variety for the whole life history phase in monoecious Jatropha curcas,a biodisiel plant,and a discussion was made on this question to module and organ layers.At the level of organ,the weight and quantity of female flowers were relatively bigger,and anthocaulus dimension was more robust than that of male flowers,and the sex ratio was correlated to weight and quantity of female flowers.At the level of module,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio were significantly correlated to the module size,which was no difference between plots.The difference in the quantity of female and sex ratio was obvious between the diameter and length of module,and continuously increased with diameter,but decreased beyond the moderate length with a parabolic equation.At the level of individual,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio had a curve relation with the individual diameter and age,and accorded with the down-parabolic equation.In the phase of young and old trees,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio were lower,and higher in mature trees,implying the obvious peculiarity of life-history phase.The sex ratio of unit branch had a contrary trend to the size variety of sex ratio,and increased with age and diameter.Results demonstrated that quantity of female flowers and sex ratio in monoecious plant for Jatropha curcas had an obvious size-dependent feature,and an female fitness had obvious peculiarity of life-history phase.In practice,according to the phase feature of organ,module and individuals,some suggestions were provided for managing activity at the cole of promoting the branching capacity of module to keep the higher forming ability of female flowers.