高校办学自主权:内涵、演变与启示

On University Management Autonomy:Connotation,Evolution and Illumination

高校办学自主权是西方"大学自治"之精髓在我国的移植,从法律层面讲就是赋予大学正常运行所需的权力与能力,它具有相对性、层次性、文化性等特征,其实质是要在高等教育系统中实现权力和责任的合理配置,核心问题在于如何处理政府与高校的关系。我国高校办学自主权大致经历了"高度中央集权"→"中央向地方分权"→"放权为主体的权力调整"→"扩大高校办学自主权"→"确立高校法人地位与办学自主权"五个不同阶段,政府管理重心与高校办学自主权的变化轨迹在各历史阶段呈现出了明显的"反向消长关系",落实和完善高校办学自主权目前已成为政府与高校共同的利益诉求,需要双方协同努力。

University management autonomy conception was a transplantation in China of ＂university autonomy＂ in the Western universities.In the legal perspective,it is the officially granted university right and competence for normal operations and is characterized by relativity,hierarchy and culture.Essentially,it aims at reasonably allocating power and responsibility in the higher education system,and its core issue is how to deal with the relationship between the government and university.The university management autonomy in China roughly has undergone five different stages,i.e.high state-centralization,decentralizing authority to local institutions,power readjustment through delegating to lower levels,broadening university＇s independent right of management,establishing the status of legal persons and the independent right of management for universities.In each historical period,a distinct inverse relationship of upgrading and declining was manifested in the changing track of the managerial gravity of government and the university management autonomy.Implementing and improving university＇s management autonomy has become the common interest demands for both the government and university,which involves collaborative efforts of both sides.