论表扬对学生道德情感教育的消极影响

On the Negative Effects of Praises on Educating Students' Moral Emotions

在当前的学校教育中,赏识教育与快乐教育比较流行。表扬是其中最主要的教育手段。受此影响,许多人提倡教师在学校道德教育中要"以表扬为主"。然而,表扬对学生道德情感的养成具有消蚀作用。它主要表现在表扬对学生的同情心、责任感、义务感等道德情感的形成会产生消极影响。表扬忽视人天生具有的同情心,去追随儿童身上具有的潜在的利己心,可能使他们养成自私的性格。表扬不是让学生去关注他不得不做的事情的价值,而是让学生关注外在的功利,使他们忘却了自身应该承担的道德责任。而且,教师经常的表扬让学生关注的是能否得到教师表扬,使他们在行动中缺少情感体验。学生没有能从自己的行动中受到教育,反而可能养成一种对他人冷漠的态度。

Nowadays,Appreciation Education and Happy Education are fairly popular,where praises are often the most essential means of education,and as a result,many people also advocate praises-centered moral education at schools.Nevertheless,praises are detrimental to the cultivation of students' moral emotions,negatively influencing especially the formation of their sympathy,sense of responsibility and sense of duty.Praises disregard human inborn capacity for sympathy,and cater to the latent selfishness lurking within children,probably turning them into self-centered beings in the end.Besides,praises divert students' attention from the significance of those things they must do,and let them focus on extrinsic utility value instead of their own moral duties.Finally,frequent praises only make students longing for nothing but even more praises,while decrease their moral emotion experiences at the same time.In this way,students not only couldn't be educated from their own action,but would probably develop indifference towards others.