参与瘤胃内纤维素降解过程的主要微生物研究进展

The Research Advance of the Processes of Cellulose Degradation in Rumen and Related Microoganisms

纤维素是反刍动物的必需营养素之一,反刍动物主要通过瘤胃微生物降解纤维素。研究者们希望通过全面深入地了解纤维素在瘤胃内的降解过程及相关微生物的信息去调控瘤胃发酵,最终提高动物生产性能。因此,纤维素在瘤胃内的降解过程及相关微生物是反刍动物营养研究的重要内容之一。目前,人们对瘤胃内个别种属纤维分解菌的个别菌株研究较为深入,并建立了纤维小体模型,但是缺乏对瘤胃微生物这个复杂系统整体的了解,同时人们对纤维降解菌和纤维素酶的研究还停留在理论阶段。作者综述了纤维素降解过程及主要相关微生物,其中重点介绍纤维分解菌及相应的纤维素酶的分类、结构和功能,以及固相黏附微生物的洗脱方法等。

Cellulose is one of the essential nutrients for ruminants and ruminants depend on rumen microbial degradate cellulose that they can not digest and use by themselves.The researchers hope that through a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the processes of cellulose degradation in the rumen and information of related microoganisms to regulate rumen fermentation,finally improve animal performance.Therefore,the process of cellulose degradation in the rumen and related microoganisms is an important part of the study of ruminant nutrition.Now the study of individual strains of several species is more in-depth and the model of cellulosome has been established,but we lack the overall understanding of rumen microoganisms,and the study of fibrolytic ruminal microorganisms and enzymes still remain in the realm of theory.In this paper,we will discuss the process of cellulose degradation in the rumen and the major relevant microorganisms,focusing on fibrolytic ruminal microorganisms and the classification and structure of corresponding enzymes and the methods of solid-phase bacteria elution.