元认知对学习能力的积极影响

The Active Influences of Metacognition on Learning Abilities

元认知是美国心理学家弗拉威尔最早提出的。人类的学习智力既包括注意、感知觉、记忆、思维和问题解决等认知过程,也包括自我监控、自我管理、自我调节以及自我改善等高级元认知过程。用元认知提高高职教师因材施教的能力,通过教师和学生双方元认知的动态调节,使高职学生真正地具有独立的学习能力和高超的操作技巧,为学生普遍地提高学习能力和拔尖人才的培养提供思路和参考。

The concept of metacognition was first given by J.H.Flavell,an American psychologist in his book Metacognitive Aspects of Problem Solving in 1976.Human learning intelligence includes not only the cognitive process（attention,sensation and perception,memory,thinking and problem solving）,but also the metacognitive process（self-monitoring,self-supervising,self-adjusting and self-improving）.From the psychological point of view,this paper discusses how metacognition influences the teaching and learning abilities actively,and how metacognitive adjustment contributes to the shaping of intelligent teachers and highly-skilled students.It is also hoped that this paper will stimulate some new thinking on the way to improve students＇ learning abilities and to mould the students into outstanding talents.