石油开采防护H_2S危害的研究

Study on protection harm of H_2S for petroleum exploitation

石油开采的众多硫化物中,H2S所占的比例较大,稠油油藏伴生出了H2S气体,热采工艺加速了H2S的生成和浓度上升;由于H2S使嗅神经麻痹,臭味反而不易嗅到,往往会出现"闪电"式中毒死亡,危害极大。在石油开采中应用好常规防护技术和开展新型高效脱硫剂与"高效吸收固硫剂装置"的研究具有重要的现实意义;学习借鉴加拿大油田H2S的防护经验,建立我国含H2S油气田井作业许可制度。我们要认真深刻的吸取"12.23"重庆开县罗家16H天然气井喷失控硫化氢中毒重大事故的教训,在含H2S油气田井的石油开采中,只有认真搞好H2S防护的安全教育和检测报警工作、落实H2S防护对策、制定详细的事故应急预案、定期组织应急演练,才能达到防患未然的目的。

Among the many sulfides in petroleum exploitation,H2S ocuppies the major ratio.Heavy reservoir accompany H2S gas,and thermal recovery technology will accelerate H2S production and density rising.Because H2S make olfactory nerve paralysis,it is not easy to flari odor,which lead to the occurance of ＂lightning＂ intoxication death and cause great harm.During petroleum exploitation applying general protection technique and carrying out new high efficiency desulfurizer and ＂high efficiency absorption sulphur fixing agents device＂,have important practical significance.Study and drew on Canada Oilfield protection experience of H2S,and bulid our country work licensing system of oil and gas wells contained H2S.A deep lesson should be learned from the major accident happened in ＂12·23＂ ChongQing Kai xian LuoJia＇s 16H gas well blowout due to the lost control and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.During exploiting oil and gas wells contained H2S,only earnestly taking safety education and alarm of protection H2S,fulfiling countermeasure of protection H2S,setting down detailed emergency response plan of accident,and organizing regularity emergency drilling,the purpose of avoiding the potential danger can be achieved.