我国开展科技发展环境影响评价的必要性探讨

A Discussion of Necessity on Environmental Impact Assessment of Scientific and Technological Development in China

科技是人类认识自然和改造自然的有力工具。科技发展带来的不仅是科技进步,还有科技的负面效应。科技负面效应的影响力度和广度随着现代科技的加速发展和广泛应用呈现急剧增强和扩展的趋势。基于有效防范和消减科技负面效应的考虑,结合我国经济社会发展和科技研发能力日益强大的国情,从风险预防原则及环境风险评价、环境影响评价和技术评价对科技发展和管理的要求三方面展开分析,本文考虑将目前较为成熟的环境影响评价这一工具应用到科技评价和管理中,提出科技发展环境影响评价这一概念,并指出开展科技发展环境影响评价是我国现阶段极其必要的一个步骤。

Science and technology is a powerful tool for human to understand and transform nature. Scientific and technological development brings not only scientific and technological progress, but also negative effects. The strength and breadth of negative effects presents trends of rapid increases and expansion with accelerating development and wide application of modem science and technology. Taking effective prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of scientific and technological development into account, combined with economic and social development and scientific and technological research and development capabilities under increasingly powerful national conditions, the paper analyzed new requirements to scientific and technological development and management of Precautionary Principle, Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Technology Assessment, and considered applying the current mature Environmental Impact Assessment to technology assessment and management, then put forward the concept of environmental impact assessment of scientific and technological development, and pointed out that environmental impact assessment of scientific and technological development is one of the necessary steps at current stage in China.