喀什河流域生态景观格局量化分析

Quantative analysis of ecological landscape patterns in Kashi River Basin

以遥感与地理信息技术为基础,编制了喀什河流域生态景观图。在此基础上选取多种景观指数,从景观多样性指数、景观空间构型指数、斑块特征指数3个方面,定量地分析喀什河流域景观格局特征。结果表明:喀什河流域山地景观占全流域的88%。该区域的景观基质为山地景观;流域内部景观高度连接,生态系统稳定;城镇景观、乡村景观和建设用地景观的分布很集中,基本为连片分布,呈聚集状,镶嵌在山地景观和绿洲景观中,分维指数大,破碎度高;景观处于稳定状态,其中山地景观和绿洲景观中最稳定,景观受干扰与斑块伸长程度都较小;从总体上看,喀什河流域的景观单一,多样性指数较小,破碎化程度较低,景观异质性较低,景观优势度较高。

The ecological landscape sketchs regarding Kashi River Basin were mapped out based on RS and GIS,and the landscape characteristics of Kashi River Basin were analyzed quantitatively from such 3 aspects as indices of landscape diversity,spatial configuration and patch characteristics by means of choosing landscape indices.The results showed that： the mountain landscape of Kashi River Basin accounted for 88% of the total,and the landscape matrix in the areas was mountainous lands.The internal landscapes in the Basin were highly connected and the eco-systems were stable.The landscapes of townships,rural areas and construction lands were distributed concentratedly,which were contiguous distributed basically and in aggregated forms and set in the mountain and oasis landscapes,and with large fractal dimension indices and high fragmentations.The landscapes were in stable status,among them the mountain and oasis landscapes were the most stable,and landscape disturbance and patch elongation were little.Totally,the landscapes of Kashi River Basin were single and with small diversity indices,low level of fragmentation,low landscape heterogeneity and high landscape dominance.