高产田不同玉米品种养分吸收、分配及利用效应研究

Study on the nutrients uptake,distribution and use efficiency of different maize varieties in high-yield field

以玉米高产为目标,采用大田试验方法,研究了高产管理措施下不同玉米品种对N、P、K养分的吸收、分配和利用效应。结果表明：随玉米生育进程,不同玉米品种N、P、K养分含量呈缓慢下降趋势,植株体内的养分阶段净累积量呈双峰或单峰曲线,养分累积量大小顺序为N〉K〉P;从全生育期来看,＂丰玉4号＂吸收N、K量最高,分别为275.73 kg/hm2和243.55 kg/hm2,而＂京单28＂吸P量最高,为50.28 kg/hm2;各器官养分分配比例随生育时期变化不大;产量以＂丰玉4号＂最高,为12 391.05 kg/hm2,每形成100 kg子粒所需要的氮钾养分量均以＂京单28＂最高,＂丰玉4号＂次之,＂浚单20＂最低;对磷的需要量仍以＂京单28＂最高,但＂丰玉4号＂和＂浚单20＂2品种基本相当。3品种对N、P2O5、K2O的吸收比例为1∶0.40-0.44∶0.98-1.06。

Field experiment was conducted to study the plant nutrients uptake,distribution and use efficiency of different maize varieties in high-yield management.The results indicated that the concentration of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） in plant decreased slowly,and the net accumulation of nutrients showed two absorption peaks or single peak with maize growing process.The order of nutrients accumulation was N〉K〉P.Among the three maize varieties,＂Fengyu 4＂ achieved the highest N,K absorption with 275.73 kg/hm2 and 243.55 kg/hm2,and the highest yield with 12 391.05 kg/hm2,while the P absorption of ＂Jingdan 28＂ was the highest with 50.28 kg/hm2.The distributive ratio of nutrients in different organs had little changed with maize growing process.The highest amounts of absorbed N and K2O by 100 kg maize were obtained by ＂Jingdan 28＂,followed by ＂Fengyu 4＂,and then by ＂Xundan 20＂.The highest amount of P2O5 was observed in ＂Xundan 20＂,but there was no difference in ＂Fengyu 4＂ and ＂Jingdan 28＂.The ratio range of absorbed N,P2O5 and K2O was 1∶0.40-0.44∶0.98-1.06.