温度调控对南岭莪术根茎开花与花芽分化的影响

Effects of Temperature Regulation on Flowering and Bud Differentiation of Curcuma kwangsiensis var nanlingensis N.Liu et X.Y.Ma Rhizomes

【目的】研究在贮藏、催芽及水养阶段温度调控对南岭莪术根茎休眠、花芽分化、开花及品质的影响,为南岭莪术生产开发,尤其是作为年宵花卉早春促成栽培提供指导。【方法】设置南岭莪术根茎贮藏、催芽阶段温度与时间的组合处理,测量品质指标,并对不同发育阶段花芽分化过程进行外观和解剖形态学观察。【结果】15℃贮藏30 d是南岭莪术根茎完成休眠的最短时间,贮藏时间超过60 d,开花率略有下降;根茎贮藏处理后,再经25—30℃催芽10—30 d可诱导花芽分化,并极显著地缩短了根茎定植到开花和展叶的时间;尤其是15℃贮藏50 d再经过30℃催芽30 d的根茎开花率高达92%,且花期可控制在春节。芽体发育到阶段1的南岭莪术根茎常温水培不能开花,此时为花芽分化起始期;发育到阶段2和阶段3的根茎分别进入花序原基及苞叶原基分化期和花蕾原基分化期,常温水培开花率分别为50%和66%;阶段4的根茎进入花器官分化期,花芽分化不可逆转,在常温水养开花率为100%。【结论】南岭莪术根茎贮藏可缩短休眠时间,高温诱导花芽分化,30℃培养至第4阶段进行市场交易,可成为高品质早春开花的水培花卉。

【Objective】Effects of temperature regulation on dormancy,bud differentiation,flowering and visual quality of Curcuma kwangsiensis var.nanlingensis N.Liu et X.Y.Ma during storage,germination and hydroponics were studied,which can provide guidance for production and especially early spring forcing culture.【Method】 Treatment of temperature combined with time during storage and germination,Quality index of rhizomes were measured.Appearance and anatomic morphology of bud differentiation at different developing stages were observed.【Result】 The results showed： Curcuma kwangsiensis var.nanlingensis N.Liu et X.Y.Ma rhizomes had completed dormancy in the shortest time by storaging at 15℃ for 30 d,but flowering percentage would decreased if the storage time exceed 60 d.Rhizomes accelerated germination for 10-30 d at 25-30℃ after storage could induce bud differentiation,improve flowering percentage and significantly reduce days to flowering and leaf opening in hydroponics.Especially rhizomes accelerated germination for 30 d at 30℃ after 50 days of storage at 15℃,the flowering percentage achieved 92% and bloomed in full during the Chinese Spring Festival.The rhizomes at stage 1 entered into initial differentiation phase could not flower in normal temperature.Rhizomes at stage 2 entered into inflorescence and bract primordium differentiation phase.Rhizomes at stage 3 entered into flower primordium differentiation phase.The flowering percentage at stages 2 and 3 were 50% and 66%,respectively.Rhizomes at stage 4 entered into flower organ differentiation phase and had unreversible flower bud.The flowering percentage at stage 4 was 100%.【Conclusion】 Rhizomes storage could decrease dormancy time.High temperature could induce bud differentiation.When rhizomes carried to market after rhizomes cultured in hydroponics at 30℃ until stage 4,it will attain a good ornamental quality and flowering in early Spring.