苗期干旱及复水对花生光合特性及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Drought and Rewatering at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Peanut

【目的】揭示苗期不同程度水分胁迫后复水对花生光合特性和水分利用效率的影响,以期为花生节水高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用防雨棚池栽法,对比分析花生苗期不同程度的干旱及复水处理下花生光合速率、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率等相关指标的变化。【结果】花生苗期干旱,光合速率与蒸腾速率降低,干旱持续时间越长降低越明显,复水后光合速率和蒸腾速率均能较快恢复,产生一定的补偿效应;同时苗期干旱导致花生耗水量减少,且干旱程度越重耗水量越小;但水分利用效率并不随耗水量的减少而降低,干旱5 d处理产量水平的水分利用效率最高,对照次之,干旱15 d处理的最低。【结论】苗期适度干旱可减少花生的耗水量,提高产量水平的水分利用效率。

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of different water stress at seedling stage and rewatering on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency（WUE） of peanut,and to provide a scientific basis for water saving and high-yield cultivation of peanut.【Method】The method of pool culture in rainproof installations was used to study the effects of different drought at seedling stage and rewatering on photosynthetic characteristics,water consumption,yield,WUE and other indexes of peanut.【Result】Under drought at seedling stage of peanut,photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate both decreased,and furthermore,the longer the duration of drought was,and the more they reduced obviously,then,after rewatering,both the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate can recover fast,and there was a compensation effect to some extent,but there were no over-compensation effects.Meanwhile,drought at seedling stage of peanut induced the reduction of water consumption,and the more severe droughts the smaller water consumption,however,WUE did not decrease with the water consumption decrease.Under the treatment of 5 d drought,WUE of the yield level was the highest,the control was the second,and the 15 d drought was the smallest.【Conclusion】At peanut seedling stage,the moderate drought process can reduce water consumption,and can also increase the WUE of production levels.