土壤水分含量对丹参幼苗生长及有效成分的影响

Effects of soil water content on seedlings growth and active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza

目的:研究不同土壤水分含量对丹参幼苗生长和有效成分积累的影响,为丹参规范化栽培中水分管理提供理论依据。方法:采用盆栽土壤水分胁迫试验方法,对不同土壤水分含量条件下丹参植株生长发育、生物量以及有效成分丹参酮、丹酚酸B和矿质元素积累进行研究。结果:土壤严重干旱和水分过多将严重影响丹参植株生长发育,并也影响其药材产量和品质(外观和内在)的形成。轻度干旱则可显著提高丹参地上及地下的生物量,促进根部二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA4种丹参酮组分以及丹酚酸B的合成与积累,并也增强植株对磷、钾、钙、镁、锰、锌、铜和铁等矿质元素的吸收与积累。结论:丹参苗期田间土壤水分以55%～60%为宜,生产上建议丹参种植实行起垄栽培并做好田间排灌,以保持适当土壤水分含量,提高药材产量和品质。

Objective ： In order to provide a scientific water management for the standardized cultivation, the effects of soil water content on the seedlings growth and active ingredients of S. miltiorrhiza were studied. Method： A water stress experiment with pot culture was applied to study the effects of different soil water content on the seedlings growth, biomass and the accumulation of tanshinone, salvianolic acid B and mineral nutrition of S. miltiorrhiza. Result： Soil water content had serious influence on the growth, yield, outer appearance and inner quality of S. miltiorrhiza when the soil was under severe drought or with too much water. But the shoot and root biomass of S. miltiorrhiza was increased significantly under mild drought. As well as the content and eumulant of dihydrotanshi- noneⅠ , cryptotanshinone, tanshinone Ⅰ , tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in root of mild drought were increased. It also enhanced the P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe contents of S. miltiorrhiza under mild drought. Conclusion： The overall results from the experiment suggest that the appropriate soil water content is 55% to 60% in seedling stage of S. miltiorrhiza. And it will be strongly recommended that the ridge culture and suitable soil moisture management must be carry out in production of S. miltiorrhiza in order to improve the yield and quality of medicinal materials.