明代兼主唐宋派的韩愈古文与《史记》之比较批评

A Comparative Study of HAN Yu's Classical Prose Concurrently Taking in Tang and Song Schools and SIMA Qian's Shi Ji in Ming Dynasty

韩愈古文与《史记》之比较批评是韩文批评史中一个重要内容。早期关注点较分散,涉文气、文质、天才与穷而后工等议题,具体论较以文体、句法为主。明中期,兼主唐宋派针对独尊秦汉文法式,袭貌遗神之时弊,开始形成以《史记》为衡量,强调"神髓"、"本色"的比较自觉。这是接续古文统绪之举,是由唐宋以溯秦汉思潮的产物。既为其重要研究方法,所形成的侧重文统和师法的比较理论,又构成其古文理论的核心内容。

A comparative criticism of HAN Yu＇s classical prose and SIMA Qian＇s Shi Ji, as an important part of the history of HAN Yu＇s criticism, had been concentrated on such issues as their works＇ differences in sentiment, temperament and showing their hands of mastery after their straitened life, particularly in their style and grammar, with the focuses of attention dispersed a bit too much at the early stage. Since middle Ming Dynasty, directed against the sole reverence for the grammatical arrangement of the Qin and Han Dynasties and imitating the outer-appearance but neglecting inner-essence, the style of concurrently taking in Tang and Song Schools had begun to form the self-consciousness of comparison with SIMA Qian＇s Shi Ji as the reference, and with ＂quintessence＂ and ＂distinctive character＂ stressed most. This shift is an act of succeeding to the right tradition of classical prose and a product of basing prose on the Tang and Song Dynasties and getting to the root of the Qin and Hart Dynasties. This idea both was an important methodology of research, but also formed the core content of the theory of classical prose writing on the basis of the theory of comparison emphasizing the literary tradition and imitation.