我国历史上影响人口的文化因素

Influential Cultural Factors in the Chinese Populations in History

探讨影响我国传统社会人口的因素,应该在思想方法上排除以农耕经济为根源的先入之见以及将灾荒、战争等偶发因素视为主要驱动力的观念,应该努力从文化中去追寻原委。由古代"家国一体"的社会组织形态引发的同姓不婚、早婚早育的婚姻制度、长子继承制和养儿防老的观念等等促进了我国历史上人口的繁衍;国家的赋税制度与溺女婴的习俗则是传统社会有力的人口调节器。虽然因社会的更革,旧因素逐渐削弱,新因素不断产生,但传统生育观念仍顽强地发挥着作用,处理好人口与社会承载能力的关系,还应从调节社会文化结构入手。

Instead of depending on the ancestor＇s perception based on agricultural society or the conception of taking accidental factors such as famines and wars as the primary driving power,a theoretical methodology for exploring influential factors on populations on Chinese traditional society should be sought in culture.In ancient times of China,the system of non-marriage in the same family and young marriage and fertility,the primogeniture and the conception of raising children for old age based on the organizational pattern of society of ＂integration of nation and family＂ helped the population to grow in our history.Meanwhile the state system of taxes and convention of drowning female babies served as powerful adjusters of population traditional society.Owing to evolution of society,those old factors have declined and the new ones are emerging continuously,but the traditional view of fertility still works stubbornly.Thus something must be done to adjust the structure of social culture to deal properly with the relationship between population and social power of endurance.