言与道:λóγοs的汉译问题

Theory and Truth: The Chinese Translation of λóγοs

汉语和合本圣经《约翰福音》开篇"太初有道,道与神同在,道就是神"中的"道"是由希腊语"λóγοs(逻各斯)"翻译而来。通过对老子、《周易》和孔子等哲学思想中关于"道"的涵义剖析,可以发现"道"是蕴含着万有之规律、人的行为规则以及宇宙变易和人生原则之意。而同时包含创造论、基督论和救赎论等三重意义的"λóγοs"无一不是通过"言语"来体现的,汉语圣经把"λóγοs"翻译为"道"仅部分表达了其创造论涵义却消解了其余两方面的意义,因而只有将汉语圣经中的"λóγοs"译为"言语"才能完整体现和囊括"λóγοs"原本的多重涵义。

The Chinese version of Bible and the Bible begins by saying,＂in the beginning there was Tao in the world,which co-existed with God and was God Himself.＂ The Tao in God was translated from λóγοs （logos） the equivalent Greek term.An analysis of the meaning of Tao in philosophic theories of Lao Zi,Book of Changes and Confucius reveals that ＂Tao＂ contains law of all things of the world,criteria of human behaviour,and the principle of changes in universe and in human life.λóγοs contains the theory of Creation,Christianity and the theory of salvation all in itself,each of which finds its way of expression in ＂speech＂.Translation of λóγοs as Tao in Chinese expressed only part of the theory of Creation in it but has removed the meaning of the other two contents.Therefore λóγοs should be re-translated as ＂speech＂ in Chinese Bible to accurately and thoroughly express the original multiple meaning of it.