丁日昌设局禁书禁戏论

On Ding Richang's Banning of Publications and Plays

丁日昌同治七年在江苏巡抚任上禁书禁戏、查缴"淫词唱本",并开列了禁毁书目。丁日昌对民间文艺特别是通俗戏曲撰演活动的偏见,源于他奉持的理学教化、崇正黜"邪"的思想;当时盛行的功过格思想影响及余治的劝善言论,对丁日昌禁毁"淫词唱本"给予了适时回应和有力俾助;而过分强调通俗文艺对末世时局之影响,则反映出清后期江南禁戏从劝善挽俗到崇正黜邪的地域性文化视野转向。

There has always been dispute over Ding Richang＇s action to ban publications and plays and confiscating ＂librettos with lewd expressions＂ as governor of Jiangsu in the 7th year of the imperial title of Tongzhi.An investigation of the bibliography to be banned and destroyed and his motivation for the action,public opinions and effects shows that Ding＇s biases against folklore was originated from his worship for Neo-Confucianism and his mind of respecting the right but belittling the ＂evil＂.Moreover,the perception of evaluating a person by his merits and demerits and Yu Zhi＇s statements of advocating charity,both of which were popular in the day,offered timely response and powerful support to Ding＇s action of banning and destroying ＂librettos with lewd expressions＂.Besides,an overemphasis on folklore＇s influence on the situation of the late dynasty mirrored a turn from advocating charity and controlling conventions to respecting the right but belittling the evil in the late Qing Dynasty＇s banning plays in southern China.