唐山大地震近断层地震效应的研究

Research on near fault earthquake effect of Tangshan earthquake

近断层地震动产生近断层地震效应,形成以断层地表破裂面为中心的断层带,断层带中心部位灾害最重,建筑倒塌率、人员死亡率高。唐山灾区和唐山市区有多条地震断层,1976年唐山大地震的地震震源位于唐山市路南区的唐山断层附近,极震区主要集中在唐山市区,路南区的近断层效应尤为明显。震后,唐山市恢复重建采取了预防和避让近断层效应的抗震减灾对策——提高抗震设防标准,选用抗震性能好的建筑结构,住宅、大型和重要建筑避让地震近断层等。

The near-fault earthquake motion causes the near-fault the seismic effects,taking shape the central zone of faulting around the surface traces,the disaster of the central zone of faulting is the most serious,such as high construction collapse-ratio and high death ratio.There are many earthquake faultages in Tangshan city and Tangshan area.The earthquake focus is located at the vicinity of the faultage of the Lunan district of Tangshan city.The meizoseismal area is located at Tangshan city,especially the Lunan district near-faultage effect is obvious.Many measures of Tangshan after-disaster reconstruction are adopted to rescue and prevent the near-fault effects such as improve the seismic fortification criterion,selecting the good antiseismic constructure,and the important and large public architecture or residence avoid the near-fault of earthquake.