新疆山地针叶林植物物种组成与丰富度研究

Study on Plant Species Composition and Richness of the Mountain Coniferous Forests in Xinjiang

通过对新疆阿尔泰山、天山北坡、天山南坡和昆仑山西部11个地点122个样方的调查,发现阿尔泰山针叶林植物(包括乔木、灌木和草本)丰富度显著高于天山南坡和昆仑山;天山南坡和昆仑山物种组成相似,阿尔泰山和天山北坡物种组成相似。全疆针叶林物种丰富度随年平均气温和海拔的增加显著下降,随纬度的升高显著升高。在不同区域,物种丰富度随海拔增加均没有显著变化趋势;在阿尔泰山和昆仑山,物种丰富度随总胸高断面积的增加显著减小。通过GLM(generallinearmodel)分析发现,对新疆植物物种丰富度影响最大的是坡向。北疆除了坡向外,林型和乔木的总胸高断面积也显著影响物种丰富度,而南疆的物种丰富度显著受坡位、年降水量和总胸高断面积的影响。

After carrying out the survey of 122 plots at 11 locations in the Altay Mountains （Altay）,Kunlun Mountains （KL in abbreviation,the same below）,and northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains （NT and ST respectively） in Xinjiang,it is found that the plant species richness of coniferous forests in Altay is significantly higher than that in ST and KL; plant species richness of Picea schrenkiana forests is significantly lower than that of P. obovata forests. According to the Sorensen Index,the plant composition in ST and KL is similar,and it is also similar in Altay and NT; the plant composition in Larix sibirica forests and Picea obovata forests are similar,but that in Juniperus centrasiatica and J. jarkendensis forests is quite different from that in Pinus sibirica and Abies sibirica forests,L. sibirica forests and Picea obovata forests. Species richness decreases significantly with the increase of altitude and mean annual temperature （MAT） but increases significantly with the increase of latitudes in whole Xinjiang. Species richness decreases with the increase of total basal area （TBA） in Altay and KL. According to the GLM （General Linear Model）,aspect of plots （ASP） affects significantly the plant species richness in whole Xinjiang. Forest type and TBA also affects significantly the plant species richness in north Xinjiang. While in south Xinjiang,the plant species richness is significantly affected by annual precipitation （AP）,slope position （POS） and TBA.