广州颗粒物化学组成特征及季节差异

Seasonal Differences and Characteristics of Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Particles in Guangzhou

为系统反映广东省广州市冬、夏季颗粒物的特征,分别于2008年12月16日─2009年1月9日和2009年8月4─29日,在广州市环境监测中心站使用微天平法四通道颗粒物采样仪进行颗粒物采样,并测定了PM10中ρ(OC)和ρ(EC),Al和Fe等16种化学元素以及SO42-和Ca2+等9种离子的质量浓度.结果表明:ρ(PM10),PM10中的ρ(OC)和ρ(EC),Al和Fe等16种化学元素以及SO42-和Ca2+等9种离子的质量深度季节差异明显,均表现为冬季高于夏季;冬、夏季PM10中各成分所占比例排序不同,但均以OC所占比例最大,SO42-和Ca2+等9种离子次之.广州PM10主要有5个来源,但冬、夏季不同.其中冬季主要来源于工业源和土壤扬尘、燃煤、交通排放和生物质燃烧、海盐;夏季则主要来源于燃油、交通排放和生物质燃烧、土壤扬尘或燃煤、海盐、垃圾焚烧或特殊工业源.

In order to systematically determine the characteristics of particulate matter in winter and summer in Guangzhou,particle samples were collected from 16th December 2008 to 9th January 2009 and from 4th August to 29th August 2009 by a micro-balance method four-channel particle sampler in the Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center.OC,EC,16 chemical elements including Al and Fe,and nine ions including SO42-and Ca2 ＋ in PM10 were determined.The results show that ρ（PM10）,ρ（OC）,ρ（EC）,the mass concentrations of the 16 chemical elements and the nine ions in PM10 have obvious seasonal differences,with all of them having higher mass concentrations in winter than that in summer.Taking ρ（OC）,ρ（EC）,the mass concentrations of the 16 chemical elements and the nine ions in PM10 as a whole,the fraction of the four parts in PM10 are different between winter and summer.Additionally,the fraction of OC is highest,while that of the nine ions is second.PM10 in Guangzhou has five main sources,but they are different in winter and summer.In winter,PM10 is mainly from industrial sources,soil dust,coal combustion,vehicle emissions,biomass combustion and sea salt;in summer,PM10 is mainly from fuel combustion,vehicle emission and biomass combustion,soil dust and coal combustion,sea salt,waste incineration and,especially,industrial sources.