论银行监管机构的侵权责任——以银行破产和英美法为例

On Tort Liability of the Banking Regulator:from the Perspective of Bank Insolvency and the Common Law Jurisdictions

监管者在银行破产中享有巨大的权限。在许多国家,利益受损的股东或存款人针对监管者提起侵权之诉,银行法赋予监管者豁免是受害人败诉的主要原因。给予监管者一定程度的保护是必要的,但是这种保护不应使得受损方不能获得实质的救济。从经济、政策或正义层面来看,给予监管机构侵权责任的绝对豁免并不合适,绝对豁免与金融体系稳定、效率和正义的目标是背道而驰的。在维持效率的同时,应当分析受害人和监管机构在损害过程中的角色,而不能采取过于僵硬的绝对豁免的方式,以实现分配正义和纠正正义的统一。

The banking regulator enjoys a wide discretion in bank insolvency proceedings. Shareholders and depositors usually will suffer serious losses in bank failures. In many jurisdictions,depositors or shareholders of the failed bank have instituted damages claims aiming for the regulator. Statutory immunity for regulator is the cause of the failure of the damage claim. Statutory immunity is necessary to protect regulator,however,it should not go too far!