大亚湾春秋季鱼类种类组成及年龄结构分析

Species composition and age structure of fish in the Daya Bay in spring and autumn

2006年4月和9月对大亚湾海域通过拖网和流刺网捕获的鱼类进行初步调查.结果表明,渔获物中出现18目76科135属200种鱼类,其中软骨鱼纲4目5科5属6种,占调查鱼类总种数的3.0%;硬骨鱼纲14目71科130属194种,占调查鱼类总种数的97.0%.根据其适温类型可分为暖水性种、暖温性种和冷温性种,其中暖水性鱼类有183种,占总种数的91.5%;暖温性鱼类有16种,占总种数的8.0%;冷温性鱼类仅有1种,占总种数的0.5%.渔获物中底层和近底层鱼类占多数,其中,底层鱼类共有74种,占总种数的37.0%;近底层鱼类共有68种,占总种数的34.0%;中上层鱼类共有45种,占总种数的22.5%;岩礁鱼类有13种,占总种数的6.5%.大亚湾鱼类的年龄普遍偏低,以1 a龄鱼为主.与相邻海区鱼类区系特征比较,大亚湾海域具有我国热带和亚热带性海湾的鱼类区系特征.

An investigation of fish in Daya Bay was conducted in April and September 2006 using a trawl and drift net.The results showed that there were 200 species of fish belonging to 135 genera in 76 families of 18 orders.Of these,6 species in 5 genera,5 families,and 4 orders belonged to Chondrichthyes,and 194 species in 130 genera,71 families,and 14 orders belonged to Osteichthyes,accounting for 3.0% and 97.0%,respectively.Based on the temperature nature of the fauna,the fish in Daya Bay may be grouped into three types,with warm-water species,warm-temperature species and cold-temperature species accounting for 91.5%（183 species）,8.0%（16 species） and 0.5%（one species）,respectively.According to the diversity of the habitable environment,demersal fishes were the most abundant,accounting for 37.0%（74 species）,followed by near demersal and pelagic fish,accounting for 34.0%（68 species） and 22.5%（45 species）,respectively,and reef fish only accounted for 6.5%（13 species）.The age structure of the fish primarily consisted of one age class in Daya Bay.When compared with other sea areas around Daya Bay,most species of ichthyofauna in the South China Sea bear tropical and subtropical characteristics.