国际贸易的全成本观:一个新的理论视角

On the Full Cost of International Trade:A New Theoretical Perspective

国际贸易理论和现实的最新进展表明,比较优势理论的要素基础需要进一步广义化。一个国家要形成自身的比较优势,除了考虑劳动、资本、土地等传统要素,制度、生态环境等要素也不可或缺。基于广义要素的成本可定义为"全成本",它是包括生产成本、交易成本、环境成本和代际成本的动态开放系统。"全成本"构成了一国参与国际分工的比较优势的基础。

The latest progress of international trade theory and practice shows that the factor＇s foundation of the comparative advantage theory needs further generalization. In order to form a country＇s comparative advantage, we should not only consider some traditional factors such as labor, capital, land and so on, but also take institution and ecological environment as indispensable factors. Costs based on generalized factors can be defined as ＂full cost＂ , and it is a dynamic and open system which includes production costs, transaction costs, environmental costs and inter-generational costs. ＂Full cost＂ is the foundation of a country＇s comparative advantage when participating in the international division of labor.