WTO体制下美国贸易调整援助制度合法性探析

A Probe into the Legality of the U.S Institution of Trade Adjustment Assistance in the WTO System

为了应对贸易自由化引致的产业损害或结构调整,美国建立了工人和企业TAA项目,旨在促进对进口竞争的积极调整。GATT/WTO体制无法处理结构调整与贸易政策之间的关系,所以没有专门制定旨在应对结构调整的TAA或产业调整援助规则。从《SCM协定》和《农业协定》角度,分别对工人、企业与农民TAA项目援助措施的合法性进行了整体论证,认为这三个TAA项目基本上是合法的并且可行的。

To deal with industry injury or structural adjustment due to trade liberalization, the U.S established TAA programs for workers ＆ TAA programs for firms so as to promote its positive adjustment to import competition. Because the GATT/WTO system has been unable to cover the relations between structural adjustment and trade policy, specific rules regarding structural adjustment, like TAA or industry adjustment assistance, have not been made. This paper analyzes the legality of TAA programs for workers, firms and farmers from the perspectives of SCMA ＆ AOA as a whole, and concludes that these programs are basically legal and feasible.