论“主体”的合理化形式——福柯、法兰克福学派与法国科学史学派

On Forms of Rationalization of Subjects:Michel Foucault,Frankfurt School and School of French History of Science

福柯在其后期的访谈和文章中不断说到自己一生的研究主题是主体,而权力关系、真理游戏等都是用来分析主体的有效策略。但福柯的主体研究既不是建构主体,也不是解构主体,而是在批判性反思的意义上询问主体的代价,考察主体之为"主体"的合理化历史形式。这一点使得福柯在与法兰克福学派遭遇之后觉得,尽管自己是从权力和事件化(événementialisation)等方式介入主体批判的,但自己的研究以及法国的科学史批判传统与该学派对启蒙理性"主体"的批判工作是相似的。文章意在从主体的角度说明福柯对自己著作的定位、福柯与法国科学史批判学者和法兰克福学派的关系。

Foucault has ever uttered that his topic and theme of all his life studies is subject. Power relations and truth games and so on are effective strategies to analyze subject. However, Foucault＇s subject analysis is not tO construct or deconstruct subject simply, but to question the price of being a subject and the historical forms of rationalization of subjects with the aspect of critical thinking. Although Foucault＇s critical thinking on subject focuses on power and 4v6nementialisation, which is different from Frankfurt School＇s ways to re-think subject and Enlightenment, they still have something in com- mon on Enlightenment critique. This paper expounds Foucault＇s self-identity of his works and the relation among Foucault, Frankfurt School and School of French History of Science through critical thinking on subject.