察言观色:中国古代“家天下”文化的痼疾——兼析古代社会个体价值实现的策略

Words surmising and face observing:obstinate illness of the culture "patriarchal authority" of ancient China——Concurrent analysis of the strategies for achieving individual values in the ancient society

中国古代社会一直实行的是"家天下"统治,"家长"权力在自上而下传达的同时造成了权力的相对"范畴化",从而使深受人伦关系束缚而"身""心"分离以及"心"支配"身"的社会个体,要实现自己的社会价值只有采取"察言观色"、谋取提携和推荐的机会的策略。某种意义上讲,"察言观色"策略是"家天下"文化固有的一种附带品,是其与生俱来的顽疾。

The society of ancient China was governed by the ＂patriarchal authority＂,the top-down implementation of which formed the relative ＂categorization＂ of the ＂patriarchal＂ power.Consequently,a social individual with the ＂body＂ separated for the ＂heart＂ and ＂heart＂ governing the ＂body＂ because of being fettered by human relations,could only resort to the strategies of ＂surmising words and observing face＂ waiting to get opportunities of being promoted and recommended,so as to realize his social values.In a sense,the strategy of ＂words surmising and face observing＂ was an inherent appendage of the culture ＂patriarchal authority＂,the innate obstinate illness.