孟子《诗》说与齐诗的经学化——齐诗“匡扶邦家”的经学特征探源

Mencious' theory of The Book of Songs and Confucian classics study in Qi School's poems——Exploration of the origin of the feature of Confucian classics study——the idea of "nation-upholding" of Qi School's poems

汉代四家诗在解《诗》用《诗》的过程中,无不突出强调《诗》的王道政教功能,这是汉《诗》经学特点的重要表现之一。这一特点又以齐诗为最,齐诗明确把"匡扶邦家"做为诗学传播的主旨,并将《诗》广泛用于劝谏。然而这一经学化特点渊源何自,一向众说纷纭、难有定见。通过对齐诗的特征和孟子诗学观的比较会发现,齐诗的这一经学特征源于对孟子"王者之迹熄而《诗》亡"观点的承袭和践行。这也意味着,在汉《诗》经学化过程中,孟子的作用不容小视。

In the process of interpreting and using The Book of Songs,the function of kingly way and political education contained in that book was stressed in the poems written by the four poetic schools of Han Dynasty.That was the important embodiment of the feature of Confucian classics study in The Book of Songs of the Han Dynasty and Qi School＇s poems were most remarkable for that feature.Qi School＇s poems explicitly took ＂nation-upholding＂ as the gist of spreading poetic study and The Book of Songs was widely used in persuading.However,the opinions about the origin of this feature were always widely divided.Through the comparison of the features of Qi school＇s poems and Mencius＇ opinion of poetic study,we have discovered that that feature was originated from the inheritance and practice of Mencious＇ opinion that The Book of Songs would die away with the collapse of a king＇s government.This discovery shows that Mencious＇ role could not be underestimated in the process of Confucian classics study of The Book of Songs of the Han Dynasty.