救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素的研究

Resilience and related factors in rescue soldiers

目的研究救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素。方法采用成人心理弹性量表（RSA）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和应对方式问卷对1401名救援军人进行整群抽样调查。结果①救援军人心理弹性均分为（2．49±0．57）分，显著低于大学生（t=16．619，P=0．000）；军龄≥3年的救援军人在社会能力（t=2．581，P=0．01）、社会资源（t=2．158，P=0．031）、计划风格（t=3．254，P=0．001）和RSA总均分（t=2．455，P=0．014）得分显著高于军龄≤2年的救援人员；不同文化程度的救援军人在自我认知（t=3．732，P=0．024）、未来计划（t=9．324，P=0．000）、社会能力（t=8．838，P=0．000）、社会资源（t=13．660，P=0．000）和RSA总均分（t=9．805，P=0．000）上有显著差异，且大学≥高中≥初中。②RSA高分组在内外向（t=16．204，P=0．000）和积极应对（t=18．171，P=0．000）得分均显著高于低分组，而在SCL-90均分（t=8．461，P=0．000）和神经质得分（f=8．833，P=0．000）均显著低于低分组；③救援军人的心理弹性与文化程度（r=0．116）、内外向（r=0．463）和积极应对（r=0．500）有显著的正相关，与SCL-90（r=-0．260）及神经质（r=-0．251）有显著的负相关；进一步进行回归分析发现，积极应对、内外向及神经质对心理弹性有35．9％的预测。结论救援军人心理弹性水平显著低于大学生，积极应对、内外向及神经质是影响救援军人心理弹性的重要因素。

Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults（RSA） ,Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results （1）The soldiers＇ resilience score was （ 2.49 ± 0.57 ）, significantly lower than college students （ t = 16.619, P = 0. 000）. The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence（ t =2.581, P=0.01 ） ,social resources（ t=2. 158, P=0.031 ） ,structured style（ t=3.254, P=0.001） and RSA scores（ t=2.455, P=0. 014）. There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self（ t = 3. 732, P = 0. 024 ） , planned of furore （ t = 9. 324, P = 0. 000） , social competence （ t = 8. 838, P = 0. 000 ） , social resources （ t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ） and RSA scores （ t = 9. 805, P = 0. 000 ） , and college i〉 senior high school ≥ junior high school. （2）Compared to the lower group in the RSA,the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion （ t = 16. 204, P = 0. 000） and positive coping （ t = - 18. 171, P = 0. 000） ,while lower in SCL-90 （ t = 8. 461, P = 0. 000） and neuroticism （ t = 8. 833, P = 0. 000 ）. （3）Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education （ r = 0.116 ）, extraversion （ r = 0. 463 ） and positive coping（ r = 0. 500）, and negative correlation with the neuroticism （ r = - 0.251 ） and SCL-90 （ r = - 0. 260）. It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability（35.9% ） to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students,positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.