非职业驾驶员的压力特点研究

The characters of non-professional drivers＇ stress

目的探讨非职业驾驶员压力状况及其特点？方法采用驾驶员压力量表随机对成都市264名非职业驾驶员进行调查，与105名职业驾驶员进行比较。结果①与职业驾驶员相比，非职业驾驶员刺激寻求、认知疲劳和驾驶攻击得分较高[非职业（4．63±1．49）分，（5．12±1．56）分，（5．65±1．42）分；职业（3．60±2．04）分，（3．97±2．02）分，（4．56±1．84）分，P〈0．001]，危险临控、驾驶紧张和身心疲劳得分较低[非职业（7．04±1．48）分，（6．44±1．50）分，（5．78±1．75）分；职业（7．89±1．45）分，（6．99±1．28）分，（6．45±2．37）分，P〈0．01]；②不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、驾驶经验的非职业驾驶员在压力各因素上有显著差异（P〈0．05）。男驾驶员刺激寻求、驾驶紧张和身心疲劳得分较高[男（4．79±1．53）分，（6．78±1．46）分，（5．94±1．80）分；女（4．32±1．37）分，（5．80±1．37）分，（5．50±1．61）分，P〈0．05]；与其他年龄组相比，20～29岁驾驶员认知疲劳[（5．44±1．38）分]得分较高，而危险监控[（6．77±1．44）分]、驾驶紧张[（6．03±1．46）分]得分较低；与未婚驾驶员相比，已婚驾驶员危险监控、驾驶紧张较高，认知疲劳得分较低[已婚（7．23±1．43）分，（6．65±1．48）分，（4．88±1．60）分；未婚（6．77±1．47）分，（6．06±1．43）分，（5．59±1．36）分，P〈0．05]。去年超过2万公里的非职业驾驶员在驾驶紧张（6．89±1．41）上得分较高。结论非职业驾驶员压力状况不容乐观，受其胜别、年龄、婚姻状况和驾驶经验等影响，属于压力管理的重点人群。

Objective To explore the characters of non-professional drivers＇ stress. Methods Two hundred and sixty-four non-professional drivers in Chengdu city were randomly investigated by Driver Stress Inven- tory（DSI）. One hundred and five professional drivers were as control group. Results （1）Compared with professional drivers, non-professional drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, cognitive fatigue and aggression（ non-professional drivers ：4.63 ± 1.49,5. 12 ± 1.56,5.65 ± 1.42 ; professional drivers ： 3.60 ± 2.04,3.97± 2.02,4.56 ± 1.84, P〈0.01 ）,and lower in hazard monitoring, driving anxiety and physiological fatigue（ non-professional drivers ：7.04 ± 1.48,6.44 ±1.50,5.78±1.75 ; professional drivers ： 7.89±1.45,6.99 ± 1. 28,6.45 ± 2.37, P 〈 0.01 ）. （2）Non-professional drivers＇ stress had significant differences in gender, age, marital state and driving expe- riences （P〈 0.05 ）. The male drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, aggression and physiological fatigue （male： 4.79±1.53,6.78±1.46,5.94±1.80;female：4.32±1.37,5.80±1.37,5.50±1.61, P〈0. 05）.Compared with other age driver groups, the 20 - 29 driver group scored higher in cognitive fatigue （5.44 ± 1.38） ,and lower in hazard monitoring（6.77 ± 1.44 ） , driving anxiety （6.03 ± 1.46 ）. Compared with unmarried drivers, married non-professional drivers scored higher in hazard monitoring and driving anxiety, and lower in cognitive fatigue（ married drivers ：7.23± 1.43,6.65 ± 1.48,4.88 ± 1.6 ; unmarried drivers ：6.77 ± 1.47,6.06 ± 1.43,5.59 ± 1.36, P 〈 0.05 ）. The non-professional drivers who drove more than 20 thousand kilometers scored higher in driving anxiety （6.89 ± 1.41 ） . Conclusion The non-professional drivers＇ stress isn＇ t optimistic, and influenced by their gender, age, marital state and driving experiences. Stress management should pay attention to them.