失眠对大学生认知功能影响的研究

Influence of insomnia on cognition in college students

目的探讨失眠对大学生认知功能的影响。方法应用CCMD-3对认为存在失眠的大学生进行诊断,对确诊的310位失眠大学生进行统计学调查,另选取同一院校310名大学生为对照组,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对大学生的睡眠质量进行初步调查评估,结合事件相关电位(P300)和认知能力筛查量表(CASI)对结果进行综合评定。结果实验组大学生的PSQI总分及各成分均高于对照组大学生,且在主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠障碍及日间障碍4个成分上的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组大学生均未发现使用药物帮助睡眠的情况。实验组大学生P300中的N2、P3的潜伏期(PL)有所延长,P3有所波幅下降,潜伏期与认知障碍程度呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);失眠的大学生认知能力筛查量表(CASI)测验4项评分较差,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论有失眠现象的大学生存在一定的认知障碍,我们应该重视大学生的睡眠问题,有针对性的加强他们的健康教育。

Objective To explore the influence of insomnia on the cognition in college students. Methods A total of 310 medical college students diagnosed as insomnia by using CCMD-3.310 were investigated, and 310 students without insomnia were as control. The sleeping quality was evaluated by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）, and the results were evaluated by linking with related potential （P300） and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument （CASI）. Results The total marks of PSQI in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and there were statistical differences between the 2 groups in subjective sleep disorder, sleep time, sleep obstruction and day obstruction. No any case was found using the medicine to help their sleep in the 2 groups. The eclipse period of P300 prolonged and the amplitude of wave decreased in the experimental college students, the eclipse period of P300 had a positive correlation with the degree of the cognitive disorders （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The 4- item scores of CASI in the students with long-term insomnia were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the coefficient correlation had a statistical significance （ P 〈 0.0 5 ）. Conclusions The students with insomnia have some obstacle of cognition. So we should pay more attention to their sleep quality and intensify the health education.