文学与政治:当代文论中“本质主义”话语的分析

Literature and Politics——Analysis on Essentialism in Contemporary Literary and Art Theory

文学服务于政治需求,这是断定"二十七年"文学本质主义主要缘由。出于对政治的片面化认识,二十世纪八十年代文学极力和政治撇清关系,试图寻找文学自律,但这并没有使文学完全摆脱本质主义的影子。当下话语理论和文化研究中的微观政治淡化了本质主义色彩,文学和政治在关系主义维度上开始重新对话,它们也隐含着滑向"绝对相对主义"的危险。因此,文学的政治诉求并不绝对导致本质主义,如果梳理各个时期的政治以及文学的具体观念,文学、政治和本质主义的关系就显得相当复杂。

Literature serves politics.This is a key reason to judge the Essentialism of Twenty-seven Years' Literature.In the 1980s,people believed that literature should be divorced from politics and became self-disciplined,but essentialism of literature never went away according to different rela-tionships between literature and politics.Today,the microscopic structure of politics in present dis-course theory and cultural studies weakens the color of Essentialism.Literature and politics begin a new turn of dialogues with implied slip toward absolute relativism.Therefore,political demands of literature don't lead to essentialism absolutely.