北京市5所打工子弟学校学生健康需求评估分析

Health needs assessment of five migrant schools in Beijing

目的了解打工子弟学校学生在健康方面的需求及其健康相关问题,为今后在打工子弟学校开展健康服务提供依据。方法选取北京市5所打工子弟学校,在三～六年级学生中,每个年级随机抽取1～2个班的学生,共计558名进行定量调查。结果北京市目前多数学校卫生政策没有完全覆盖到打工子弟学校,学校需要政府的政策支持;打工子弟学校学生伤害发生率为23.22%,龋齿患病率为44.09%,视力不良率为29.75%,尝试吸烟率为13.00%,健康状况、健康信念、健康生活方式、健康技能及健康知识等综合健康素养评价指标、学校卫生指标均低于公立学校学生。结论打工子弟学校健康需求主要为:物质环境改善,对学生、教师开展健康教育工作和政府政策支持。为提高学生健康水平,应该在打工子弟学校中开展健康促进工作。

Objective To know the situation of the health promotion in migrant school, analyze the problem to make sure the health needs in such school. Methods Totally 558 students were chosen from grade three to grade six in five migrant schools, all the students were quantitative investigated. Results The policy was not equal between the normal school and migrant school, and the school needed the policy support. The rate of the injury was 23.22%, the rate of the caries was 44.09%, poor eyesight rate was 29.75%, try smoking rate was 13.00%, and the health literacy of migrant school students was lower than the students in normal school. Conclusion The main needs of the school are campus circumstance change, policy support and school health promotion. School-based health promotion should be developed in migrant schools to improve the students＇ health.