南昌市950名初中生睡眠状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of sleep quality and the influencing factors in senior middle school students in Nanchang

目的探讨南昌市初中生睡眠质量现状及其影响因素,为提高初中生睡眠健康提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对南昌市区部分学校初中生950名进行自编问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评。结果南昌市在校初中生睡眠问题的发生率为17.68%,其中初三学生为35.12%,初一学生为22.02%,初二学生为42.86%,初三学生睡眠问题检出率高于初二学生(2χ=13.581,P<0.01)。不同年级初中生睡眠质量各维度比较,除睡眠质量维度外,其他各维度差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。三年级(OR=1.701)、独自居住(OR=7.618)、家长期望值(OR=1.502)、做梦(OR=1.247)、焦虑(OR=1.675)、抑郁(OR=1.865)、每周体育活动(OR=0.522)和人际关系(OR=0.584)进入回归方程。结论初三学生较初二、初一学生更易出现睡眠问题;年级、独自居住、家长期望值、做梦、焦虑和抑郁是睡眠质量的危险因素,每周体育活动和人际关系是睡眠质量的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of middle school students and influencing factors, and to provide theoretic basis for developing middle school students＇ sleep quality. Methods Totally 950 middle school students in Nanchang were selected by cluster sampling and surveyed with questionnaire including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） , Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale （ SAS ） , Self-Rating Depression Scale （ SDS） and self-made general questionnaire. Results There was 17.68 % of the students having sleeping problems, grade three accounted for 7.58 % , grade one accounted for 6.21% and grade two for 3.90%, sleeping quality was worse among the students in grade three than grade two （X^2 = 13.581, P 〈 0.01 ）. There were significant differences among different grades in sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction, except subjective sleep quality （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Value of variable of the students in grade three （ OR = 1. 701 ） , living alone （ OR = 7. 618 ） , parents expectations（ OR = 1. 502 ） , having a dream（ OR = 1. 247 ） , anxiety（ OR = 1. 675 ）, depression（ OR = 1. 865 ） , taking physical exereise every week （ OR = 0. 522 ） and relationships （ OR = 0. 584 ） accessed into Logistic regression equation of the PSQI scores. Conclusion There are more common sleep problems in grade three;grades, living alone, parents expectations, having a dream, anxiety and depression have a protective effect on sleep quality, but taking physical exercise every week and relationships are risk factors.