武汉市中小学生视力状况分析

Analysis on status of poor vision among primary and middle school students in Wuhan

目的了解武汉市中小学生视力不良的现状及特点,为开展视力不良干预工作提供科学依据。方法分层整群抽取武汉市2个区的11400名学生,由专业人员对其进行视力检查并记录。结果检出视力不良学生6680名(58.6%)。视力不良学生以重度视力不良为主(47.5%)。市区检出率(66.5%)高于郊区(53.2%),女生检出率(63.3%)高于男生(54.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。高中组检出率最高(75.6%),初中组次之(64.0%),小学组最低(40.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。视力不良分布呈马鞍形,9岁以后视力不良率有随年龄增大而增加的趋势,12岁视力不良突增明显,较11岁增加了32.2%。结论视力不良的防治工作一定要从小学抓起,尤其是注重视力不良的早期预警。

Objective To investigate the status and features of poor vision among primary and middle school students in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for the intervention. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was taken to select a total of 11 400 students from two districts in Wuhan. The trained professional staff took the visual inspection on the students to understand their eyesight status. Results Totally 6 680 students were diagnosed as poor vision （ accounted for 58.6% of the total） , of which, most were at severe degree （47.5%）. The poor vision rate of urban district （66.5 % ） was higher than that of the suburban district （53.2%） , and the poor vision rate of girls （63.3%） was higher than that of boys （54.2% ） , both of which had significant differences（ P 〈0.01 ）. The highest poor vision rate was in the high school group （75.6%） , followed by junior high school group （64.0%） , and the lowest rate was in the primary school group （40.3%） , which had a significant difference （P〈0.01）. Distribution of poor vision was saddle-shaped, descriptive analysis was used for the distribution of poor vision. There was a trend that poor vision rate increased along with age after 9 year old, especially in 12-year-old group, which was increased by 32.2% than 11 -year-old group. Conclusion The prevention of poor vision should be paid attention to among primary school students, especially the early alert of poor vision.