中国水权配置效率分析

Analysis of the Efficiency of Water Rights Distribution in China

基于整个社会的视角,对水权交易效率进行公理化分析,为水权交易的深入研究奠定基础。首先,提出分析的假设条件,定义水权配置效率,该效率满足完备性、传递性公理。其次,定义水权边际价值、总价值,提出水权边际价值递减规律。再次,给出水权配置的帕累托最优定义,提出帕累托最优时水权配置状态的定理,并论证水权的帕累托配置是稳定的水权配置状态。根据极限理论,给出水权配置序列收敛于帕累托最优配置的定义,论证了在现实水权信息不对称的情况下,只有通过水权交易重新配置水权才能逼近水权配置的最优状态———帕累托配置,而依靠行政配置无法实现。最后,采用本文理论分析我国水权交易现状,指出由于我国目前水权交易成本过高,水权配置向帕累托逼近的速度慢,水权配置无法达到帕累托最优。随着我国水权交易制度的日趋完善,水权配置将达到帕累托最优,从而实现水资源的充分利用。

The efficiency of water rights distribution is discussed in the paper based on the whole society,which lays a foundation for further study of water rights trade.Firstly the assumption is made for the analysis,and the efficiency of water rights distribution is defined.The efficiency is proved to satisfy the axiom of completeness and transitivity.Secondly the rule of marginal value descending is proposed,in the context of the definition of marginal value and total value of water rights.Thirdly the definition and theorem of Pareto-optimality are put forward and it is proved that the Pareto-optimality distribution can reach a stable state.According to limit theorem,furthermore,convergence is defined on the serials of water rights distribution.In the context of information asymmetry in water rights,the paper demonstrates that the Pareto-optimality is approached by the water rights trade,while the administration deployment does not work.In the end,the theories advanced in the paper are applied to analyze the water rights trades in China.At present the distribution of water rights can not reach the Pareto-optimality state due to the low speed of approach aroused by the high transaction cost.With the improvement of the system of water rights trade in China,the Pareto-optimality will be realized in the distribution of water rights and the water resource will be fully utilized.