基于适应性管理的水污染控制体系构建——以太湖流域为例

Construction of an Adaptive Management-Based Water Pollution Control System:A Case Study of Taihu Lake Basin

从规划内容与目标、规划方法及方案实施和评估3方面对太湖近20年水污染物控制历程进行综合分析,认为太湖水污染物控制正处面源污染、生活污染及新型污染问题凸显且更难处理,更为广泛的利益相关者和科研队伍积极参与的转型期。这种变化将导致污染治理面临更难应付的动态性和复杂性,使得当前以环境容量为总量为指导通过自上而下分配排污量和削减量的控制方案面临极大挑战。结合太湖水污染现状,通过与现行治理方法在管理假设、适合对象、协调管理手段、管理目标、规划方法、公众参与程度以及规划的优劣势等方面的比较发现,适应性管理可以积极有效应对由于环境趋势和管理协调对象变化所带来的系统不确定性和复杂性,将是一个积极有效的补充方法。同时,本文基于适应性管理提出了太湖水环境污染物排放控制体系的构建框架,突出适应性管理平台、科学研究及公众与基层单位参与在污染物控制中的重要作用。

Analysis about 20-year history of Taihu lake water pollution control made from three dimensions-content and aim of planning,planning method,and planning implement and evaluation-lead to the conclusion that current situation of Taihu Lake can be seen as a transformational juncture,for its main pollutant changes into domestic pollution,non-point source pollution and new source pollution which are more difficulty established with central control,while an increasing number of stakeholders and scholars participate in this issue.Rising uncertainty and complexity of pollution control combined with such transformation juncture,and as a result challenge current top-to-bottom pollutant emission control plan,which guides pollutant emission quantity allocation and subtraction quantity allocation by environmental capacity.According to current situation of Taihu Lake and by contrasting with current managerial supposition,suitable object,coordinated management mode,management goal,plan method,degree of public participation as well as the superior and inferiority of the plan,this paper suggests adaptive management is an effective supplementary solution which could deal with the system uncertainty and complexity and will make up the deficiencies in the traditional grievance model.Furt0 hermore,a framework was constructed in this paper which special emphases on the role adaptive management platform,scientific research and public participation play in water pollution control system of Taihu Lake.