中国住房发展60年

China Housing Development in Recent 60 Years(1949-2009)

我国住房发展60年所走过的道路,就是逐步完成从"房住人"到"人住房"、从住宅非商品到住宅是商品转变的过程。在这个期间,住房制度改革的不断深化、居住条件的日益改善,以及住房研究力量的持续增强,中国住房建设取得了很大的成就。文章首先阐述了我国60年来住房发展的主要历程。把中国住房的发展分为四个阶段,即:(1)学习苏联和探索实践(1949-1957)阶段;(2)极端简约和缓慢发展(1958-1978)阶段;(3)艰难起步和逐步发展(1979-1991)阶段,以及(4)快速发展和体现公平(1992-至今)阶段,并阐述了各阶段的发展成果。其次,把当前世界住宅科技发展的特征概括为"可持续",即可持续建筑设计、可持续建筑设计规范及评价指标的研制和实施、大量可持续/生态住宅实践等。最后,展望了现代住宅及科技发展的趋势与未来,认为符合资源利用效率最高、对环境影响最小和对生物种群最好原则的"三最住宅"是现代住宅和住宅科技发展的潮流。

The process of China housing development in recent 60 years（1949-2009） is a gradually transition from ＂government or institutions provide housing to residents＂ to＂ residents buy or rent housing by themselves＂,and from ＂housing is a non-commodity＂ to ＂housing is a commodity＂.During this period,reform of housing institution was continuously forwarded,living condition was increasingly improved,and housing research teams were continually enhanced,and prodigious achievements were made in China＇s housing sector.The paper begins with the course of China housing development in recent 60 years.Four phases were divided in the course,they are：（1） Learn from former USSR and searching and practicing phase（1949-1957）;（2） Extremely saving and slowly development phase（1958-1978）;（3） Difficult revival and gradually development phase（1979-1991） and（4） Rapidly development and reflecting equity phase.The technology achievements in each phase also described.Secondly,the World housing technology development was characterized by sustainability,including sustainable building design,sustainable building design codes and evaluation indexes,as well as practices of sustainable and ecological housing.At last,the paper prospected that the HLB housing which follows three principles of Highest resources efficiency,Lowest environment impact and Best benefit to man to bio-community is a trend of modern housing and housing technology