中国城市经济发展与能源消耗的脱钩分析

Decoupling Research Between Economic Development and Energy Consumpution of China's Cities

城市是经济、社会、政治、文化的综合载体,其中经济是一个城市功能的主要体现、职能的重要组成。经济发展程度高的城市往往是其所在区域甚至整个国家经济的核心中枢。这些城市既体现着各自区域内经济技术发展的最高水平,同时也往往占有着大量的资源,消耗了相当多的能源。2006年GDP排名100强的城市,GDP贡献率为67.36%,同时用电量占全国的41.59%,用水占全国的58.02%,天然气(含煤气)和液化石油气使用量更是占到了全国的75%以上,是能源消耗和污染物控制的重点区域。因此,本文应用Tapio脱钩模型定性定量相结合地研究了不同时期、不同地域、不同类型,中国百强城市经济发展与能源消耗的关系,其中,我国多数东部城市的经济高速发展建立在高能耗基础上;西部城市整体从1998年开始,经济发展与能源消耗的脱钩状态急剧恶化;东北地区的城市则从实施老工业基地振兴计划以来,其能源消耗增加率发生了明显增加;而我国中部地区的城市经济发展与能源消耗的脱钩值增长较为缓慢。根据脱钩数据的时空耦合结果,以期帮助我们找出更为适宜的城市发展之路。

City is the integrated carrier of economy,society,politics and culture,in which economy is the main aspect of urban function as well as an important component.Cities with a high level of economic development are often the cores of the located regions even the whole country.On the one hand, these cities embody the highest level of economic and technological development of the located regions.On the other hand,they consume a large amount of resources and energy.In China,the top 100 cities of GDP consumed 41.59% of the country＇s electricity,58.02% of water,and the consumption of natural gas（including gas） and liquefied petroleum gas exceeded 75% in 2006 though their contribution to the whole country＇s GDP was 67.36%.Apparently,these cities are key areas of the energy consumption and pollution control.Therefore,this paper focuses on the relationship between economic development and energy consumption of the top 100 cities in different periods,regions,and types.Among the majority of the eastern cities,the rapid economic development is always based on the high level energy consumption.Since 1998,the state of decoupling between economic development and energy consumption has been rapidly worsened in the cities of western China.Cities in northeast China presented an obciously increasing rate of energy consumption due to the old industrial base plans.The growth of decoupling value of cities in central China is slower than expectation.The purpose of the analysis is to find a better way for urban development by using these time-space results.