论人与自然关系法律化的理论基础

Analysis on Basic Legalization Theory of Relationship Between Man and Nature

人与自然关系的和谐化、法律化是我国正在进行的生态文明建设中一个很重要的层面,人与自然关系法律化的观念已经开始逐渐影响到法学理论和实践的变革,即将自然的权利纳入法律关照的视野,考察自然权利在现实法律中的渗透机制以及对自然权利进行司法救济的现实路径,才能实现对自然权利的有效保护。而前提是打通对自然权利进行司法救济的理论基础,在生态文明的大背景下,通过对信托理论和代理制度的一般原理和环境公共信托理论的发掘,探讨自然权利司法救济的理论依据,为自然的法律地位奠定坚实的理论基础。同时,美国的立法和司法实践为开拓保护自然的权利路径提供了借鉴意义,更为本文论述的理论增加了实践的可行性支持。实现有司法救济的自然权利是本文探讨环境公共信托的目的所在,以期人与自然法律化的理论基础在我国环境法实践中生根发芽并结出累累硕果。

The harmonization and legalization of the relationship between man and nature is an important aspect in the ongoing construction of the ecological civilization in China.The thoughts of the legalization of man and nature have already had an influence on the revolution of the basic legal theory and practice gradually.As the natural rights is in the visual field of law,the effective protection to the natural rights could be realized by researching the penetration system of the natural rights in law and the practical roads of the judicial remedies to natural rights.However,the presupposition is to clarify the basic theory of judicial remedies to natural rights.Under the background of the ecological civilization,through researching the basic principles of trust theory,agency theory and theory of public trust of environment,which are the theoretical foundation of judicial remedies to natural rights,the principle of the legal status of nature can be established.At the same time,the legislative and judicial practices of the U.S provide the reference for developing natural rights in China,and support the feasibility of practice of the basic theories discassed in this paper.Analyzing the public trust of environment is to achieve judicial remedies to the natural rights,so that the basic legalization theory of the relationship between man and nature develops in China＇s environmental law practice.