水资源配置的经济学探讨

An Economic Study on Allocation of Water Resources

本文从经济学角度探讨水资源配置。水作为资源,水价须体现效率要求;作为生存权的保障水价应体现公平要求。水资源应实行社会所有制,以水资源的价值调节和再分配实现水资源代内和代际间合理配置。水具有生态环境功能,大型水利决策时应充分考虑社会成本和环境成本,使排污外部成本内在化,保护弱势团体权益。水资源的有效合理配置,要正视制度失效问题,进行制度创新,国家应发挥应有作用。

In this paper, The incomsistency between the social onwership system of founction water resources and the low prices of water was discussed. Based on the careful analysis, Water prices must be considered as the fornction of ecologic environment of water which involves the social cost and the environment cost. From this view, the effective and reasonalble allocation of water resources was suggested. The author also thought it necessary to reform and renew the laws of water allocation by country.