经济人假说的现象学分析

Phenomenological Analysis of Hypothesis of Economic Man

经济人假说是西方经济学理论体系最基本的出发点,其核心内容是经济人总是试图使"效用"这种心理状态最大化。对经济人假说的传统批评总是局限于该假说本身,而忽略其认识论基础。运用现象学方法进行分析可以发现,经济人假说最根本的问题是缺乏意向性维度,从而没有注意到人类在经济生活中是将自身投入到所追求的对象中,而非将自身封闭起来计算效用。利用反常现象理解正常现象是近代以来一种普遍的思想倾向,经济人假说正是这一倾向在经济学领域的体现,而非一种孤立的错误。

The hypothesis of economic man is the most basic starting point of the theoretical system of Western economics.Its core content is that the economic man always tries to maximize the psychological state of ＂utility＂.However,the traditional criticism on the hypothesis of economic man is always limited to the hypothesis itself,while ignoring the basis of its epistemology.When analyzing with the phenomenological method,it can be found that the fundamental problem of the hypothesis of economic man lies in its lacking of intentionality dimension,thus ignoring that in the economic life,human beings throw themselves into the object they pursue instead of enclosing themselves to calculate the utility.It is a general thinking tendency to comprehend the normal phenomenon with the abnormal phenomenon in modern times.The hypothesis of economic man is exactly an embodiment of this tendency in the field of economics,rather than an isolated mistake.