云南澜沧江流域传粉昆虫——熊蜂多样性现状与保护对策

The status of species diversity and conservation strategy of bumble bees,a pollination insect in Lancang River Basin of Yunnan,China

本文对澜沧江流域内热带地区的勐腊县、亚热带地区的南涧县和寒温带地区的德钦县３个低、中、高海拔地带的重要传粉昆虫———熊蜂属（Ｂｏｍｂｕｓ）的多样性现状进行了观察研究，并与２０年前的资料进行了比较分析。结果得出：２０多年以来，由于植被人为的破坏严重，传粉昆虫的自然生存环境发生了较大的改变，致使３个不同地带的传粉昆虫一部分物种消失，一部分物种的群体减少，而少数原来极少采到或者未采到的物种和种群则成为优势群体。从而得出：在云南省澜沧江流域人为的生境改变，对传粉昆虫的物种多样性影响极大，要保护或者恢复传粉昆虫的种群，首要任务是保护和恢复生态系统。

The species diversity status of important pollination insects, Bombus (Hymenoptera) was investigated at three sites, Mengla County at low elevations, Nanjian County at intermediate elevations, and Deqin County at high elevations, in Lancang River Basin in Yunnan, China. The species diversity of Bombus at present (1996～1980) and 20 years ago(1976～1980)was compared. The reduction of vegetation induced by human activities has led to great changes in the habitats, number of species and population size of bumble bees over 20 years. The changing tendency among pollination insect species and populations obviously varied due to different biological and ecological characteristics. The decreasing rate of endemic bumble bee species and populations is more rapid than that of common and euryecic ones. The results showed that changes of habitats induced by human activities significantly influenced species diversity of pollination insects in Lancang River Basin. To conserve and restore the population of bumble bees, the priority is to conserve and restore local ecosystems.