海南东寨港红树林滩涂大型底栖动物多样性的初步研究

The diversity of benthic macrofauna on mud flat in Dongzhaigang Mangrove Rserve, Hainan

记录到海南东寨港红树林滩涂大型底栖动物６８种，其中软体动物３９种，占记录到物种数的５７．４％；甲壳动物１９种，占记录到物种数的２７．９％。冬季优势种是珠带拟蟹手螺（Ｃｅｒｉｔｈｉｄｅａｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔａ）、古氏滩栖螺（Ｂａｔｉｌａｒｉａｃｕｍｉｎｇｉ）和环肋樱蛤（Ｃｙｃｌｏｔｅｌｉｎａｒｅｍｉｅｓ）；夏季优势种是珠带拟蟹手螺、环肋樱蛤和红肉河蓝蛤（Ｐｏｔａｍｏｃｏｒｂｕｌａｒｕｂｒｏｍｕｓｃｕｌａ）。大型底栖动物的生物量夏季平均为１３３．０ｇ／ｍ２，冬季平均为６３．０ｇ／ｍ２；栖息密度夏季平均为１０６．４个／ｍ２，冬季平均为１０３．５个／ｍ２。以密度为计量单位的物种多样性指数夏季为１．８４１，冬季为０．３８０，均匀度指数夏季为０．５１４，冬季为０．１１２；以生物量为计量单位的物种多样性指数夏季为１．９９４，冬季为１．７５１，均匀度指数夏季为０．５５６，冬季为０．５２０。大型底栖动物的生物量、栖息密度、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数大都有季节变化及底质差异，基本趋势是夏季明显高于冬季，沙泥底的滩涂高于泥底质的滩涂。

This paper reported the results of investigation on benthic macrofauna on mud flat in Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve, Hainan. Sixty eight species of benthic macrofauna, belonging to six Phyla, 34 families were found. The dominant species were Cerithidea cingulata , Batillaria cumingi, Cyclotellina remies and Potamocorbula rubromuscula of Mollusca. The mean biomass of benthic macrofaunu in summer and in winter was 133.0 g/m 2 and 63.0 g/m 2, respectively. The mean densities were 106.4 ind./m 2 in summer and 103.5 ind./m 2 in winter. The species diversity indexes of benthic macrofaunu in summer and in winter were 1. 841 and 0.380, respectively. The species evenness indexes were 0.514 and 0.113, respectively. The biomass diversity indexes of benthic macrofaunu were 1.994 in summer and and 1.751 in winter. The biomass evenness indexes were 0.556 and 0.520, respectively. The biomass, density, species diversity index and biomass diversity index of benthic macrofauna varied with season and substrate. All these values were greater in summer than in winter, greater in sand mud substrate than in mud substrate.