鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法

Avian mammalian species diversity in nine representative sites in China

评价物种多样性是目前生物多样性研究中的一项紧迫任务。我们提出一种基于信息测度的ＧＦ指数公式，利用生物普查得到的鸟类和兽类名录计算一个地区的物种多样性。首先计算属间的多样性（Ｇ指数）和科间的多样性（Ｆ指数），然后，再利用Ｇ指数和Ｆ指数的比值进行标准化，得出ＧＦ指数。在这一指数体系中，Ｆ指数包括科中和科间的多样性。如果ＧＦ指数趋近１，则代表科间多样性的Ｆ指数下降，或者代表属多样性的Ｇ指数上升；否则ＧＦ指数趋近零或为负数。信息测度通常也用于生物群落的生态多样性。然而，ＧＦ指数与生态多样性不同。ＧＦ指数测定的一个地区一个生物类群中科属间的物种多样性，而生态多样性指数研究生物群落中物种组成及种间个体的多寡。利用ＧＦ指数研究评估生物多样性保护有如下优点：（１）ＧＦ指数提供了一种简捷有效的生物多样性保护评估方法，因为在许多地点已经进行过生物普查，编写了动物、植物名录；（２）ＧＦ指数是一种标准化指数，可以进行不同地区间生物多样性比较。在动物界，特别是无脊椎动物中，尚未鉴定的物种占多数，而鸟类和兽类中尚未鉴定的物种很少。我们应用鸟类和兽类名录计算了ＧＦ指数，选择了梵净山、大瑶山、伏牛山、凉水、北京—天津、?

Species check lists of birds or mammals, normally accomplished after a general biological survey, are valuable for calculating the diversity index. We recommend a method that uses avian and mammalian species check lists to assess the species diversity in an area. The first step is to compute the diversity indexes at the genus level (G index) and the family level (F index), then to calculate the ratio of G index and F index as the G F index. The G index reflects the diversity at the genus level. The F index has two components, i.e. the diversity within and the diversity among families. G F index ranges between 0 and 1. (1) F index, D F : For a particular family k : D Fk =-ni=1p ilnp i(1) Where n =the number of genera in the family k, p i=s ki /S k, s ki =the number of species in genus i, S k =the total number of species in family k . For overall F index: D F=mk=1D Fk (2) Where m =the total number of families in the class (2) G index, D G : D G =- pj=1D Gi =-pj=1q j ln q j(3) Where q j=s j/S, s j =the number of species in genus j, S =the total number of species in the class, p =the total number of genus in the class. (3)G F index: D G F =1-D GD F(4) We calculated the G F indexes for nine representative sites. They are the Dayaoshan Mountain Nature Reserve, the Funiushan Mountain Nature Reserve, the Fanjingshan Mountain Nature Reserve, the Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve, the Haibei Alpine Ecosystem Research Station, the Liangshui Nature Reserve, the Beijing Tianjin region, the Baiyinxile Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, and the Parmir Plateau for a comparative species diversity study. Based on the biological census data, such as the species check lists of birds and mammals, G F index provides a rapid and efficient assessment of biodiversity, because the species check lists are readily available. In the study areas, the F index of birds was significantly higher than that of mammals, indicating higher species diversity in birds than that in mammals at the study sites. The avian and mammalian G F indexes of the study sites were closely correlated.