荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在鱼类遗传学研究中的应用及前景

CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATION OF FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) TECHNIQUES TO FISH GENETICS:A REVIEW

荧光原位杂交技术（ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｉｎｓｉｔｕｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＦＩＳＨ）是一种在分子水平上进行细胞遗传学研究的得力工具。本文综述了近年来ＦＩＳＨ技术在鱼类的基因定位、性别鉴定、染色体变异及种间杂交等研究中的应用；并将此技术在鱼类的基因定位、早期性别鉴定、染色体重排与进化、染色体鉴别与分类及杂交鉴定等方面的应用前景作一展望。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a promising technique used in c ytogenetic researches at the molecular level.In this paper,the current and pote ntial uses of this technique in fishes are reviewed,with regards to such fields as gene localization,sex identification,chromosome variation,and interspecie s hybridization.FISH has been successively applied into localization of rRNA ge ne in many kinds of fishes,which not only enriched the cytogenetic studies of f ishes but also provided deep implication for chromosome evolution of fishes.His tones gene and some disease related genes have also been localized in several f ish species.Sex specific FISH probes (including sex related probes and sex ch romosome related probes) have been obtained and put into sex identification of several fish species.Species specific FISH probes have been used to examine chr omosome elimination and interspecific hybrids in several kinds of fishes.In the same way,telomere repetitive sequences have been localized in several fish spec ies and used to examine chromosome rearrangement.Centromere specific probes and telomere specific probes will be helpful in chromosome identification and sort ing of fishes whose chromosomes are too small to be easily analyzed with traditi onal techniques.