国外精神病态罪犯的脑机制研究述评

Brain Mechanisms of Criminal Psychopaths

精神病态是一种个体表现在人际关系、情感、生活方式和反社会特质等方面的人格障碍,与非精神病态者相比,精神病态者更容易违反社会规则和法律,表现出更加残忍和极端的侵犯模式,犯罪的起始年龄更早,犯罪活动更为广泛和多样,累犯率非常高。国外关于精神病态罪犯脑机制的ERP研究表明精神病态罪犯注意朝向、语义和情感加工以及对错误加工的后期阶段存在缺陷。MRI和fMRI的研究表明,大脑结构异常以及额叶-边缘系统回路活动异常与精神病态行为有关。

Psychopathy is a personality disorder with a cluster of interpersonal, affective, behavioral and antisocial traits. Compared with non-psychopath, psychopaths are more likely to violate social rules and laws. They display crueler and extreme aggression models, with earlier onset age of crime, more exte.nsive and diverse criminal activities, and higher recidivism rates. Recent event-related potential （13RP） researches of criminal psychopaths indicated deficits in attentional orientation, semantic and affective processing, and later stage of mistake processing. MRI and fMRI studies showed that the abnormal brain structure and frontolimbic circuit activities are relevant to psychopaths.