大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感相关性研究

The correlation study of stress coping style and subjective well-being in undergrad- uate students

目的探讨大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感的相关性，为科学地引导其构建积极的压力应对机制，提高幸福感提供依据。方法对220名在校大学生采用应对方式问卷和幸福感指数量表进行测评分析。结果农村大学生总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数均显著高于城市大学生（P〈0．05）。大学生的总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数与解决问题、求助等积极应对方式呈显著正相关（P〈0．01），与自责、幻想、退避等消极应对方式和合理化的混合型应对方式呈显著负相关（P〈0.05或0．01）。年级、性别、压力应对方式与幸福感建立的三个回归方程均显著（F=44．462、21．744、11．955，P〈0．001）；影响幸福感指数和总体情感指数的主要因素为解决问题、退避、自责、求助、年级（大四），联合解释量分别为27．9％、34．8％；影响生活满意度的主要因素为解决问题、自责、合理化，联合解释量为14．8％；解决问题、求助和年级（大四）对因变量均具有正向预测作用，退避、白责和合理化对因变量均具有负向预测作用。结论大学生的压力应对方式与主观幸福感密切相关，对其有显著的预测和解释作用。

Objective To explore the relationship between stress coping styles and subjective well-being in undergraduate students in order to provide basis for scientifically guiding them to build active stress coping mechanisms and improving subjective well-being. Methods Assessments were carried o,ut in 220 undergraduate students with the Copying Style Questionnaire （CSQ） and the Index of Well-Being （IWB）. Results The mean of index of general affect, life satisfaction and index of well-being was all significant higher in rural students than urban students （P〈0.05）. Their index of general affect, life satisfaction and index of well-being were positively related to problem solving and help seeking etc. （P〈0.01） and negatively to negative coping styles such as self-blame, fantasy, retreats and rationalized mixed coping type （P 〈0.05 or 0.01）. The three regression equations of happiness with grade, gender and stress coping styles are significantly （F = 44. 462, 21. 744, 11. 955, P〈 0. 001） ; the main factors influencing the index of well-being and of general affect were problem solving, retreats, self-blame, help seeking, grade, and joint interpretations were respectively 27. 9% and 34. 8%; the main factors influencing life satisfaction were problem solving, self-blame and rationalization, and joint interpretation was 14. 8%; problem sol ving, help seeking and grade had a positive predictive effect on dependent variable, but retreats, self-blame and rationalization did negative on. Conclusion Stress copying styles of undergraduate students are closely related to subjective well-being and the former have obvious predictive and defined effects on the latter.