公司人权及其实践意义

Corporate Human Rights and its Practical Significance

传统的观点认为,公司法人与自然人是有严格区分的,公司没有自然人的权利,也不可能被当作自然人来对待。本文试图通过对公司自然人化问题的研究,说明自然人的权利对公司发展的重要性。在美国,公司被宪法给予"人"的保护。宪法将本来赋予人的许多权利,诸如正当的程序、合同自由、言论自由等,都赋予了公司。公司人权化被称为是:"历史上最强有力的概念"和"是法学最持久的制度之一,并是一个被广泛接受的概念"。从1806年开始,美国的公司就开始了"人"化的演进过程,其追求国家干预程序正当性的理念与经济法追求政府调控经济的理念背道而驰,使得国家干预主义与自由放任主义在宪法中达到平衡。公司人权以宪法为依据和基准,以"人"的标准,为保护公司的发展开启了新的篇章。

It is a traditional concept that there is a clear distinction between corporate legal person and natural person because a company has no rights of a natural person,nor it is treated as a natural person.The paper analyzes the issues concerning the treating of company as a natural person and reveals the important role of the natural person’s rights in the corporate development.In America,company treated as a 'man' is under the protection of the constitution.The constitution gives companies such rights as the freedom for contracts,the freedom of speech and the proper procedures.This practice has been regarded as ' the most powerful and popular concept in history' and 'one of the everlasting legal systems'.Since 1806,this personalizing procedure has been under way,which is against the concept of the legality of the government’s interference and the principle of the government’s legal adjustment of economy.The corporate human rights are based on the constitution and 'humanity',which has ushered in a new chapter for the development of the company.