当代法学的历史使命——以中国法治建设为指向的法对策学思考

The Historical Mission of the Contemporary Legal Studies:Some Reflections on the Legal Routes to the Construction of the Rule of Law in China

法学的历史使命是维护并阐释某种法治秩序。当代法学首先是根植于中国法律实践,阐释实践中的两个法律样本即技术性样本和政治性样本。政治性样本始终与现实的政治话语纠葛在一起,但作为一种政治智慧,要将社会问题司法化,同时避免司法问题的泛政治化,特别是不能超越法律规范。从这个角度说,法律可以被利用,但却不能被违反。纵观法治建设的历史,有革命式和渐进式两种模式。中国法治建设不能生拉硬扯,应该顺应历史和时空条件,走中国特色的渐进式法治之道。在经济改革拉动下的私法制度基本形成之后,下一步,应该在社会建设和政治改革的推进下,寻找建构法治秩序的突破口,完善社会法域和公法域的基本制度,在实践中形成中国式的法治秩序。

The historical mission of legal studies is to ensure and cultivate the order in the context of the rule of law.The contemporary legal studies,first of all,stems from the practice of Chinese law,meanwhile,illuminates two legal samples in practice that are technical sample and political sample.The political sample is always tangled in the political context,however it is wise from the political perspective to handle the social problems by means of judicature and to avoid solving judicial problems in a political way,in particular to avoid surpassing the legal norms.The law can be utilized,but cannot be violated.The history has witnessed two models of the construction of the rule of law,the revolutionized model and the progressing model.The construction of Chinese rule of law should respond to the historical,timing and spatial conditions instead of implanting,and choose the progressing model with the Chinese characteristics.After the private law system has been substantially forged with the development of the economic reforms,China needs to find out the break-through for the construction of the rule of law pushed by the social construction and political reforms,and to shape the order in the context of rule of law with Chinese characteristics by improving the basic regulations in the fields of social law and public law.