平等问题的哲学思考

Philosophical Retrospection on the Issue of Equality

一方面,每个人因其最基本的贡献完全平等——每个人一生下来便都同样是缔结、创建社会的一个股东——而应该完全平等地享有基本权利、完全平等地享有人权,可以名之为完全平等原则;另一方面,每个人因其具体贡献的不平等而应享有相应不平等的非基本权利,也就是说,人们所享有的非基本权利的不平等与自己所做出的具体贡献的不平等比例应该完全平等,可以名之为比例平等原则。社会所提供的发展才德、做出贡献、竞争职务和地位以及权力和财富等非基本权利的机会,是全社会每个人的基本权利,是全社会每个人的人权,应该人人完全平等。反之,家庭、天赋、运气等非社会所提供的机会,则是幸运者的个人权利,无论如何不平等,他人都无权干涉;但幸运者利用较多机会所创获的较多权利,却因较多地利用了共同资源"社会合作"而应补偿给机会较少者以相应权利。这就是机会平等原则。

On the one hand, every human being is equal to each other for his/her basic contributions, because every human being is the shareholder who will contribute to society, so he/she should be entitled to basic rights, which can be named principle of full equality. On the other hand, every human being enjoys unequal non-basic rights for his/her unequal contributions to society, which can be name principle of partial equality. So we draw the conclusion that opportunities provided by society for one to develop his/her talent, make contributions, and compete for particular positions or fortunes, are the basic rights of all human beings. On the contrary, non-social opportunities like families, talents and fortunes are just personal rights of the blessed ones which can not be interfered by others. However, the blessed ones utilize more chances to create for themselves more rights by using more shared resources of ＂social cooperation＂, so they should compensate the ones of fewer opportunities with relative rights.