马歇尔计划赴美考察队与美国企业文化在英国的传播

The Marshall Plan Visiting Teams and the Transfer of U.S Corporate Culture

马歇尔计划并不仅仅限于以促进自由贸易和恢复生产为核心的经济援助,它的主管机构经济合作署还十分重视以美国企业文化影响欧洲企业的经营方式。经济合作署资助大量英国生产考察队赴美国企业实地观察,这些专业考察队在对美国相关部门先进的生产和管理方式有了一定了解后,通过发布考察队报告、举办论坛等方式向本国传播美国的生产技术和管理模式。经济合作署实际上是希望通过这些考察队来展示美国的生产技术、管理经验和经营理念,并采用美国经验来解决西欧企业生产中面临的问题。可是,美国的生产方式和管理经验并不一定具有普世性,在推行上难以达到所期望的目标。

During the Marshall Plan period, many missions with participants from European countries visited the United States to explore the reasons for the superior performance of its economy. It was partly designed as a means to disseminate American technical and production methods to Europe. But the Americans could hardly have pushed either a homogenous set of objectives or one specific US model through any of the channels at their disposal.